Abu Saʿīd Abdul-Hay ibn Dhaḥḥāk ibn Maḥmūd Gardēzī, Gardīzī or Gurdēzī (died c. 1061 CE) (Persian: ابوسعید عبدالحی بن ضحاک بن محمود گردیزی) was a Persian Muslim geographer[1] and historian of the early 11th century from Gardēz (now in Afghanistan) who wrote the book Zayn al-Akhbār. Gardēzī's work, written in Persian, is considered important for the Islamic history of Central Asia and Eastern Persia and Hungary.
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Gardīzī took a dispassionate view of history which is fairly remarkable for its time.[1] For example he does not either praise the Ghaznavids nor the coming of the Saljuqs. His style of Persian is simple but mature and provides one of the classical examples of Persian prose-writing. A critical edition was published by ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Tehran, 1347 Š./1968 under the title of "Tarikh-e Gardizi".
Gardīzī told about the territory of Hungarians: "The Hungarians' country is situated between the territory of bulkars and eskils, who date back to the bulkars. (...) Their country reaches the Rum-sea [=Black Sea]. (...) The two rivers, which flow into the Rum-sea, are called Atil [=Volga] and Danube."
He wrote the following text about Hungarian people and their culture: "These Hungarian people are pretty and handsome. Their clothes are made of brocade. Their weapons are decorated by silver and gold. In the time of proposal they have to pay for the girl, mainly they give animals. But it can be the fur of ermine, squirrel, mart or fox."
The records of Gardīzī are similar to teh records of Ahmad ibn Rustah. Both of them used the notes of Ibn Harrudadbhi, called Roads and Countries as there sources, but Ahmad ibn Rustah used an older and Gardīzī used a newer one, so Gardīzī's texts contain plus information as well. For instance: "On the left [=western] side of the territory of the Hungarians near the river of Slavs there is a tribe of Rum, which is christian and they are known as wonondur."
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